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‘Adnan, a descendant of Ismail had many children. Among ‘Adnan’s descendants, Fihr bin Malik in particular, was a distinguished chief of the tribe. From Fihr’s descendants, Qusai bin Kilab emerged. He ruled Makkah and held the keys to the Ka’bah. He was the guardian of the waters of Zamzam and was responsible for feeding the pilgrims. He presided at the assemblies where the nobles of Makkah gathered for consultation. He alone controlled the affairs of Makkah.

India before the advent of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)

Islam was first introduced into India via her coastal regions. Modern historians generally agree that Islam’s introduction came through Arab traders and not Muslim invaders as is falsely believed. They had been coming to the Malabar coast in southern India for a long time, even prior to the advent of Islam in Arabia.

After a long journey, Ibrahim (peace be upon him) approached Makkah, which lies in a valley between desolate mountains. As there was no water, crops could not grow and human-life could not be sustained there. Accompanied by his wife Hajar and his son Isma’il (peace be upon him), Ibrahim (peace be upon him) was fleeing from the cult of idol-worship which had spread throughout the world. He wanted to establish a centre in which Allah alone would be worshipped and to which people could be called. It would be a beacon of guidance and a sanctuary of peace, radiating true faith and righteousness.

  There is no defying the fact that in 610 A.D. Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) brought about the greatest revolution known to the history of mankind. The Arabs to whom this great divine message was first communicated were the most ignorant and backward nation of that time. With the advent of the Prophet (Peace be upon him), however, the same backward people took a leap towards virtue, humanity, knowledge and wisdom. They stepped from darkness into light. The teachings of Islam revolutionised their very being and within two generation they became the leaders of the civilised world.

The inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were of two kinds: the nomadic desert dweller {Bedouin} and the city dweller. Tribal laws and customs prevailed all over Arabia, even among the more civilized kingdoms of the region, such as the kingdom of Yemen in the south, the kingdom of Al-Heerah in the northeast, and the kingdom of Ghasaasinah in the northwest.

  Since most of the Arabian Peninsula consists of vast desert land, its inhabitants did not work in agriculture, except in the extreme borders on the peninsula – particularly in Yemen, in the south, and Syria, to the north – and in the odd scattered oases found in central Arabia. Without much vegetation in Arabia, it was sheep and camels that made for the livelihood of both desert and city dwellers. Tribes would go from place to place with their herds, looking for pastureland.

  With eyes as bright as the shining sun, a reality on the lips more brilliant than the light of the sun, a heart more fresh than the flowers of the gardens of Yathrib, habits and morals more decent than the moon-lit nights of the Hijaz, a mind more brisk than the strong winds, , a heart with heavenly light, firm determination like a trenchant sword and heavenly words on the tongue - such was Muhammad son of ‘Abdullah, the Prophet of Arabia (peace be upon him), the Prophet who destroyed the idols which had separated brothers f

  by Abul hasan ‘Ali Nadwi